ANTIQUE GURRAMKONDA / EVIDENCE
Sources belong beside the story.
A source is evidence to examine, not a guarantee that every interpretation is final. We distinguish contemporary records, later scholarship and local tradition.
How we classify history
- DOCUMENTED
- Supported by an identified record, institutional catalogue or strong scholarship. The label applies to the stated claim, not every detail of its subject.
- SUPPORTED
- Credible evidence exists; important details still need corroboration.
- CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- Sources disagree. Their differences remain visible rather than being combined into a new certainty.
- ORAL TRADITION
- A cultural, devotional or locally preserved account; not established documentary history.
- RESEARCH LEAD
- A question or clue awaiting evidence. It is not a factual conclusion.
Documented: supported by a cited record. Probable: qualified or disputed interpretation. Local tradition: attributed community account. Under research: evidence incomplete.
How to read this archive
Antique Gurramkonda is an independent digital heritage initiative. Each record distinguishes what its cited evidence supports from questions that remain open. A catalogue identification, a proposed architectural plan and a later historical account are different kinds of evidence.
Source notes preserve limitations, disputed identifications and approximate dates. Sources attached to a record support its account as a whole; they are not a claim that every sentence appears in every cited work. Page and catalogue references are given only where recorded.
Oral tradition and local memory require attribution and consent. Artistic treatments illustrate the experience; they are not documentary evidence. All communities receive the same respect and evidence standards.
Source hierarchy
Tier A: primary documents, archives, museum catalogues and government records. Tier B: scholarly and university research. Tier C: reputable reporting. Tier D: local, devotional and social accounts. A lower-tier account may document a tradition’s circulation without proving its events. Institutional status does not remove the need to read a source critically.
The new claim-level labels distinguish supported material from conflicting evidence. Older probable records remain qualified; their normalization is not a new verification. Rejected assertions are held outside public historical narrative.
Corrections and future review
A correction should identify the page, the wording in question and a supporting source or catalogue reference. A dedicated submission channel is not yet available. Publication and historical review dates will be shown only when an actual review is recorded; none are inferred from a build or deployment.
PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
Palace from the east, Gurramkonda, Cuddapah District
Archaeological Survey of India · British Library · 1898–1899
Photo 1008/4(336)
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-11
Catalogue date range and identification. Digital images currently unavailable; no image copied.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
The main tomb of Mir Raja Ali Khan, from the west, Gurramkonda, Cuddapah District
Archaeological Survey of India · British Library · Individual capture date not confirmed in this review
Photo 1008/4(337)
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-11
Institutional identification of the principal tomb. Preserve the catalogue spelling; it does not settle genealogy or patronage. Image unavailable.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
Plan of the Fort and Pettah, Gurramkonda, and its environs. July 1810
Individual draughtsman not recorded here · British Library, MacKenzie Collection · July 1810
WD2641
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-11
Catalogue record for a pen-and-ink/watercolour plan. No accessible digital image is asserted.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Indian Archaeology 1964–65 — A Review
Archaeological Survey of India · ASI / National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities · Reporting period 1964–65
Preservation of monuments, Andhra Pradesh, entry 98: Fort, Gurramkonda.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-11
Reports waterproofing over the inscription slab in the mahal and preservative treatment of second-floor palace woodwork. Does not identify the palace builder.
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REPORTING
Downpour reveals ancient structure at fort
Syed Akbar · The Times of India · 3 December 2015
Report of the exposure near the old Idgah and preliminary interpretations.
Source tier C · Accessed 2026-09-11
Used for the reported discovery and unresolved alternatives only. Its broad fort-age/builder statements are not adopted. Not an excavation report.
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DEVOTIONAL ACCOUNT
Gurramkonda Sri Reddamma Temple
Individual author not recorded · Temples in India Info · Publication date not established
Modern devotional narrative.
Source tier D · Accessed 2026-09-11
Evidence that this version of the tradition is circulated, not proof of its events, miracles, age or an identified ruler. No health claims are adopted.
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LOCAL ACCOUNT
GurramKonda Fort History
GoTirupati / Information Website · GoTirupati blog · 15 May 2015
Modern mention of Hazrath Shah Kamal.
Source tier D · Accessed 2026-09-11
Supports circulation of a local Shah Kamal account only. This page does not establish the education claim supplied by the project owner. Its other historical assertions are not adopted.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Indian Archaeology 1977-78 — A Review
Archaeological Survey of India · Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India · 1980 (reporting period 1977-78)
Preservation of monuments, entry 256: Fort and Mahal, Gurramkonda, District Chittoor, p. 129. Edited by B. K. Thapar.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Records restoration of damaged chhajjas around the Mahal in the old style. Entry and printed pagination verified directly against the ASI PDF page image on 12 September 2026 (PDF viewer page 136). This conservation entry does not establish original patronage or construction date.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Indian Archaeology 1989-90 — A Review
Archaeological Survey of India · Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India · 1994 (reporting period 1989-90)
Preservation of monuments, entry 174: Rangini Mahal, Gurramkonda, District Chittoor, p. 173. Edited by S. K. Mahapatra.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Records underpinning cavities in stone platforms and replacement of missing and old chhajja stones with new ones. Entry and printed pagination verified directly against the ASI PDF page image on 12 September 2026 (PDF viewer page 180). This conservation entry does not establish original patronage or construction date.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Indian Archaeology 1990-91 — A Review
Archaeological Survey of India · Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India · 1995 (reporting period 1990-91)
Preservation of monuments, entry 164: Rangin Mahal, Gurramkonda, District Chittoor, p. 134. Edited by S. K. Mahapatra.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Records removal of decayed lime plaster and broken flat tiles over roofs and chhajjas for a fresh weatherproof course. It does not state that the new course was completed. Entry and printed pagination verified directly against the ASI PDF page image on 12 September 2026 (PDF viewer page 142). This conservation entry does not establish original patronage or construction date.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Indian Archaeology 1992-93 — A Review
Archaeological Survey of India · Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India · 1997 (reporting period 1992-93)
Preservation of monuments, entry 168: Gurramkonda Fort, Gurramkonda, District Chittoor, p. 165. Edited by Ajai Shankar.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Records completed combination-mortar plastering of Rangin Mahal’s front and rear sloping chhajjas and relaying brick-jelly concrete over the roof after removing dead lime concrete to address rainwater penetration. Entry and printed pagination verified directly against the ASI PDF page image on 12 September 2026 (PDF viewer page 171). This conservation entry does not establish original patronage or construction date.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Indian Archaeology 1997-98 — A Review
Archaeological Survey of India · Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India · 2003 (reporting period 1997-98)
Preservation of monuments, entry 253: Structures inside Gurramkonda Fort, Gurramkonda, District Chittoor, p. 302.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Records replacement of damaged Rangin Mahal step members with newly dressed slabs; repair or replacement of ground-floor doors, windows and other woodwork; and work to wall plaster in certain areas and damaged flooring. The entry continues across both columns of the same printed page. Entry and printed pagination verified directly against the ASI PDF page image on 12 September 2026 (PDF viewer page 310). This conservation entry does not establish original patronage or construction date.
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GOVERNMENT
History of Kadapa district
District Administration · Government of Andhra Pradesh · Undated historical overview; accessed 2026
Historical overview; Administration under Munro.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Uses Mir Saheb and Kamaluddin in the regional narrative and describes Munro’s administrative responsibilities. Do not merge similar personal names or repeat its evaluative colonial language as neutral fact.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
Sections through the inner fort and the cavalier within the north face of the lower fort
Thomas Fraser · British Library · c. 1802 series
WD506g.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Catalogue title documents architectural sections at Gurramkonda. The digital image is unavailable; no reconstructed drawing is supplied.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
View of Gurramkonda
Artist not established in this review · British Library, MacKenzie Collection · 1790–1810, catalogue range
WD591: watercolour view of the hill fort.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Catalogue gives a broad date range. Do not assign an exact year or copy an unavailable image.
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ACADEMIC / SECONDARY
Tipu Sultan: A Crusader for Change — Early Life and Accession to Power
B. Sheikh Ali · Author’s digital text, reproduced in a public FlipHTML5 reader · Digital edition; publication year not established in the inspected copy
Chapter 1, opening page (text-version p. 1; reader page 15 of 448).
Source tier B · Accessed 2026-09-12
The actual reader page was inspected, not just its search snippet. It identifies Fatima, also called Fakhr-un-Nissa, as Tipu’s mother, daughter of Mir Moin-ud-din, Governor of Cuddapah, and sister of Mir Ali Raza Khan. The uploader’s 2006 label is not treated as verified edition metadata or conflated with the separately catalogued 2012 edition. Its Porto Novo / July 1781 death statement conflicts with the Chittoor gazetteer’s 1782 account; accepting the genealogy does not resolve that conflict. No birthplace or residence at Gurramkonda is established.
Read original source ↗Claims referring to this source (6)
- Mir Ali Raza Khan was Tipu Sultan’s maternal uncle: his sister Fakhr-un-Nissa was Tipu’s mother. · DOCUMENTED
- The date, place and circumstances of Mir Ali Raza Khan’s death remain under review. · CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- Fakhr-un-Nissa, also called Fatima, was Tipu Sultan’s mother and the sister of Mir Ali Raza Khan. · DOCUMENTED
- Mir Moin-ud-din, also rendered Muin-ud-din, is identified as Fakhr-un-Nissa’s father and a Governor of Cuddapah/Kadapa. · DOCUMENTED
- Tipu Sultan’s connection with Gurramkonda involved maternal-family ties as well as political and military power. · SUPPORTED
- A regional tradition supplied to this archive associates Tipu Sultan’s mother, Fakhr-un-Nissa, with Gurramkonda/Zafarabad as her town or maternal-family home. · ORAL TRADITION
Records citing this source (4)
PRIMARY CORRESPONDENCE IN SECONDARY WORK
Sir Thomas Munro and the British Settlement of the Madras Presidency
John Bradshaw; reproducing a letter by Thomas Munro · Clarendon Press, Oxford; University of Toronto scan reproduced by Electric Scotland · 1906, second impression
Printed pp. 135–137, especially p. 136 (PDF pages 141–143); Munro’s reply to Bentinck’s letter of 2 August 1806.
Source tier A · Accessed 2026-09-12
Title page and the complete relevant page images inspected. Munro describes Cummer ul Din Khan’s ancestors as hereditary killadars of Gurramkonda under the Mughal Empire before their connection with Haidar Ali, and notes kinship with Tipu’s family. This is a colonial official’s assessment in correspondence following the Vellore outbreak, not a family register. It neither names each earlier ancestor nor establishes Fakhr-un-Nissa’s birthplace, residence or her father’s office at Gurramkonda.
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- Munro recorded that Cummer ul Din Khan’s ancestors had been hereditary killadars of Gurramkonda under the Mughal Empire before their connection with Hyder Ali. · DOCUMENTED
- Tipu Sultan’s connection with Gurramkonda involved maternal-family ties as well as political and military power. · SUPPORTED
- A regional tradition supplied to this archive associates Tipu Sultan’s mother, Fakhr-un-Nissa, with Gurramkonda/Zafarabad as her town or maternal-family home. · ORAL TRADITION
Records citing this source (2)
SECONDARY
Mysore City
Constance E. Parsons · Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press; digitised by IGNCA / ASI Library · 1930
“Homes of Learning”, printed pp. 121–122 (PDF pages 178–179).
Source tier B · Accessed 2026-09-12
Title page and both relevant page images inspected. Parsons calls Gurramkonda an ancient possession of Kamar-ud-din’s house and describes him as Tipu’s cousin; her discussion quotes Wellesley’s recommendation about his claim. This is Parsons’ retrospective account, not a claim that the original grant or Wellesley manuscript was inspected. It supports a recorded family-possession connection, not an exact starting date, continuous ownership, or Fakhr-un-Nissa’s birthplace.
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PROJECT-SUPPLIED ORAL / REGIONAL ACCOUNT
Gurramkonda as Tipu’s maternal-family home — community account supplied to the archive
Antique Gurramkonda project owner · Antique Gurramkonda · Account supplied for this review, 12 September 2026
Published account and its limits in Chapter 16, “Tipu’s mother’s town”.
Source tier D · Accessed 2026-09-12
The project owner describes a longstanding regional tradition associating Fakhr-un-Nissa with Gurramkonda/Zafarabad as her town or family home. No recorded interview, earliest attestation or survey of its circulation was supplied. This source attributes the account; it is not independent documentary proof of birthplace or residence. No television episode is used as evidence.
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GAZETTEER
Madras District Gazetteers: Cuddapah
C. F. Brackenbury · Government Press, Madras · 1915
Printed pp. 41–45: Nawabs, Maratha campaigns and Mysore.
A colonial retrospective gazetteer. Political chronology is paraphrased without adopting its prejudicial descriptions of communities or rulers.
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SECONDARY
Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan and the Struggle with the Musalman Powers of the South
Lewin B. Bowring · Clarendon Press, Oxford · 1893
Chapter VIII, printed pp. 52–54; Gurramkonda reinforcements on p. 53.
A retrospective colonial military history. Used for the described movement and reinforcement episode; exact campaign dating requires comparison with contemporary dispatches.
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GOVERNMENT
Vijayanagara district: history
District Administration · Government of Karnataka · Undated web record
District introduction.
Regional context for the foundation of Vijayanagara, not a dated foundation record for Gurramkonda Fort.
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SECONDARY
The last effort and fall of Tippo Sultaun, 1799
National Army Museum catalogue · National Army Museum · Catalogue of historical illustration
Collection record 1971-02-33-386-1.
Used for the date and context of Tipu’s death. The later illustration is not an eyewitness photograph.
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GOVERNMENT
East India Company and Raj, 1785–1858
UK Parliament · UK Parliament · Undated historical overview
Government of India Act 1858.
The end of Company government should not be confused with the later dissolution of the Company.
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GAZETTEER
Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers: Chittoor
N. Ramesan · Government of Andhra Pradesh; digitised by IGNCA / ASI Library · 1979
Historical chapter, printed pp. 42–43.
A retrospective district account. Its relationship statement is used carefully; construction dates and genealogy need independent confirmation.
Read original source ↗Claims referring to this source (9)
- Mir Ali Raza Khan was Tipu Sultan’s maternal uncle: his sister Fakhr-un-Nissa was Tipu’s mother. · DOCUMENTED
- Mir Ali Raza Khan belongs to the political history linking Sira, the Marathas and Gurramkonda. · SUPPORTED
- The date, place and circumstances of Mir Ali Raza Khan’s death remain under review. · CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- Accounts differ over the sequence of transfers in the 1760s. · CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- Several reviewed accounts place Tipu Sultan’s recovery of Gurramkonda around 1774, while another gives 1778. · CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- The 1791 siege and the territorial settlement of 1792 are separate stages in the fort’s history. · DOCUMENTED
- The Chittoor gazetteer records Kamar-ud-Din as Mir Ali Raza Khan’s son and successor as governor of Gurramkonda. · DOCUMENTED
- Tipu Sultan’s connection with Gurramkonda involved maternal-family ties as well as political and military power. · SUPPORTED
- A regional tradition supplied to this archive associates Tipu Sultan’s mother, Fakhr-un-Nissa, with Gurramkonda/Zafarabad as her town or maternal-family home. · ORAL TRADITION
NUMISMATIC
18th Century Coinage of the Cuddapah Region
Shailendra Bhandare · Oriental Numismatic Society · 2006
ONS Newsletter 186; Cuddapah and Gurramkonda discussion.
Research based on coin specimens. Some older Gurramkonda attributions are explicitly rejected; undated coins do not establish a precise year.
Read original source ↗Claims referring to this source (5)
- Mir Ali Raza Khan belongs to the political history linking Sira, the Marathas and Gurramkonda. · SUPPORTED
- Accounts differ over the sequence of transfers in the 1760s. · CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- Several reviewed accounts place Tipu Sultan’s recovery of Gurramkonda around 1774, while another gives 1778. · CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- The guardian horse belongs to Gurramkonda’s recorded local legend. · ORAL TRADITION
- The Chittoor gazetteer records Kamar-ud-Din as Mir Ali Raza Khan’s son and successor as governor of Gurramkonda. · DOCUMENTED
Records citing this source (6)
NUMISMATIC
The Coins of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan
J. R. Henderson · Government Press, Madras · 1921
Mint discussion: Zafarabad (Gurramkonda).
Historical museum catalogue; compare its identifications with later numismatic scholarship.
Read original source ↗Claims referring to this source (5)
- Accounts differ over the sequence of transfers in the 1760s. · CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- Several reviewed accounts place Tipu Sultan’s recovery of Gurramkonda around 1774, while another gives 1778. · CONFLICTING EVIDENCE
- The 1791 siege and the territorial settlement of 1792 are separate stages in the fort’s history. · DOCUMENTED
- Henderson records the transfer of the mint-name Zafarabad to Gurramkonda in December 1785. · DOCUMENTED
- The Zafarabad catalogue series includes paisas, half-paisas and quarter-paisas, with elephant designs. · DOCUMENTED
Records citing this source (13)
- Gurramkonda mint
- Hyder Ali
- Tipu Sultan
- Ceded to the Marathas
- Tipu captures Gurramkonda
- Gurramkonda & Zafarabad
- The Third Anglo-Mysore War
- The siege of Goorumconda
- Treaty of Seringapatam
- From fortress to the Ceded Districts
- Zafarabad coins in Henderson’s Plate IX
- Sultan Tipu: Zafarabad mint coin
- The Coins of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan
ACADEMIC
Further Sources of Vijayanagara History
K. A. Nilakanta Sastri and N. Venkataramanayya · University of Madras; digital transcription at Wisdom Library · 1946
Volume I, history of Venkata II, printed pp. 316–317.
Uses literary and local historical materials. Online OCR is not fully proofread; exact siege year remains unestablished.
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Records citing this source (7)
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
List of Centrally Protected Monuments
National Monuments Authority · Ministry of Culture, Government of India · Undated register
Gurramkonda entries in the Andhra Pradesh list.
Documents protected remains, including lower fort, wall, moat, gateway, temple, tomb, mandapam and mosque. Older district names reflect the register, not current administrative boundaries.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
View of the north face of the fort, Gurramkonda
Thomas Fraser · British Library · c. 1802
WD506.
Watercolour with a key. The catalogue identifies the lower fort and works covering the ascent. The original digital viewer was unavailable during research.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
Palace second-floor plan and west elevation, Gurramkonda
Thomas Fraser · British Library · c. 1802
WD506d, A.No.4.
Evidence of a surveyed palace, not by itself proof of its builder or an exact construction date.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
Gurramkonda plans, WD506a–e
John Gantz and Thomas Fraser · British Library · c. 1802
WD506a fortress; WD506b gates; WD506c Ranamandal battery; WD506d–e palace.
The catalogue attributes the fortress plan to John Gantz. Improvement plans show proposals, not necessarily completed works.
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GAZETTEER
Imperial Gazetteer of India: Cuddapah
W. W. Hunter, editor · Imperial Gazetteer of India · 19th century edition
Volume IV, Cuddapah entry.
Colonial administrative account. Its political summaries need to be read critically alongside regional scholarship.
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GAZETTEER
Imperial Gazetteer of India: Bellary District
Imperial Gazetteer editors · Government of India · 1908
Volume VII, Bellary District, historical administration.
Records Munro, the 1800 cession and division into Bellary and Cuddapah in 1808.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
Mirʾāt-i Sikandarī: Persian MS 900
University of Manchester Library catalogue · John Rylands Research Institute and Library · Manuscript catalogue
Provenance: Zafarabad administrative seal.
Provides a separate manuscript-provenance connection with Zafarabad and December 1785. Does not prove permanent renaming of the town.
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NUMISMATIC
Coin of Sultan Tipu, Zafarabad mint
British Museum, Money and Medals · British Museum · Catalogue date: 1218
Museum number 1928,0608.40.
Catalogue describes alloy and a weight of 11.425 g. Its date is preserved as catalogued, without treating it as a Common Era date. No image redistribution permission is assumed.
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PHOTOGRAPH
Gurramkonda narasimhaswamy.jpg
Suresh Rao · Wikimedia Commons · Uploaded 3 September 2009
Public-domain stone-relief photograph.
Upload date is not capture date. This is a relief, not a temple exterior.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
Gurramkonda fort plan.jpg
Thomas Fraser; reproduction on Wikimedia Commons · British Library / Wikimedia Commons · c. 1802 series; Commons gives 1800
Plan for fort gates; Commons reproduction.
Commons declares CC BY-SA 4.0. Catalogue and upload date descriptions differ; retain the approximate series date.
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PRIMARY / ARCHIVAL
Gurramkonda Hill Fort.jpg
Thomas Fraser; reproduction on Wikimedia Commons · British Library / Wikimedia Commons · c. 1802
Low-resolution reproduction associated with WD506.
Commons declares CC BY-SA 4.0. Small reproduction; no detail has been digitally invented.
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Community images and oral accounts
Contributed images were supplied to this project in September 2026. Photographer names, precise locations, capture dates and editing histories remain under review. Original selected files remain unchanged.
Additional Narasimha temple video reference ↗
This video is a visual research lead, not authority for construction dates. Religious traditions receive equal respect and the same evidence standards.
Image credits & provenance
Documentary images and decorative treatments retain their source qualifications. Dates describe the source record, not independently established capture dates unless stated.
Zafarabad coins in Henderson’s Plate IX
J. R. Henderson / Government Museum catalogue · Government Press, Madras / Internet Archive
Public domain — 1921 historical publication
Published 1921; illustrates eighteenth-century coins
Rendered from the public-domain scan, PDF page 157. Printed page 122 identifies specimens 482 (paisa), 484 and 485 (half-paisas) as Gurramkonda. The complete plate is preserved to retain numbering and context. This is a catalogue illustration, not a new photograph of a museum object.
Original source ↗The hill and its landscape
Photographer not yet identified · Antique Gurramkonda community contributions
Supplied for this project; third-party reuse permission not established
Unknown
Original supplied image preserved. Exact place, photographer, capture date and editing history remain unverified.
Palace courtyard
Photographer not yet identified · Antique Gurramkonda community contributions
Supplied for this project; third-party reuse permission not established
Unknown
Original supplied image preserved. Exact place, photographer, capture date and editing history remain unverified.
Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy
Suresh Rao · Wikimedia Commons
Public domain
Unknown
Uploaded on 3 September 2009. Capture date is not established. Relief image, not a temple exterior.
Original source ↗Domed monument
Photographer not yet identified · Antique Gurramkonda community contributions
Supplied for this project; third-party reuse permission not established
Unknown
Original supplied image preserved. Exact place, photographer, capture date and editing history remain unverified.
Stone craftsmanship
Photographer not yet identified · Antique Gurramkonda community contributions
Supplied for this project; third-party reuse permission not established
Unknown
Original supplied image preserved. Exact place, photographer, capture date and editing history remain unverified.
A view across the valley
Photographer not yet identified · Antique Gurramkonda community contributions
Supplied for this project; third-party reuse permission not established
Unknown
Original supplied image preserved. Exact place, photographer, capture date and editing history remain unverified.
A column in the landscape
Photographer not yet identified · Antique Gurramkonda community contributions
Supplied for this project; third-party reuse permission not established
Unknown
Original supplied image preserved. Exact place, photographer, capture date and editing history remain unverified.
North face of the fort, Gurramkonda
Thomas Fraser · British Library / Wikimedia Commons
CC BY-SA 4.0, as declared by Commons
c. 1802
The available reproduction is only 250 × 174 pixels. The catalogue gives c. 1802; detail cannot be recovered by zooming beyond this resolution.
Original source ↗Plans for the fort gates
Thomas Fraser · British Library / Wikimedia Commons
CC BY-SA 4.0, as declared by Commons
c. 1802 series; Commons lists 1800
The dates in the catalogue and Commons description differ. Improvement drawings are proposals; they do not prove every feature was built.
Original source ↗Rangin Mahal, Gurramkonda
Archaeological Survey of India, as attributed by Commons · Wikimedia Commons; ASI attribution
CC BY-SA 4.0, as declared by Wikimedia Commons
1898, as listed by Commons; exact capture date independently unverified
Source identification is retained, without asserting a builder or construction date. The original institutional negative/catalogue has not been independently inspected. Downloaded unchanged on 11 September 2026. Decorative sepia/colour-wash presentation is a CSS adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0; the documentary viewer shows the original.
Accessed: 2026-09-11
Original source ↗